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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells
08:35

In Situ Immunofluorescent Staining of Autophagy in Muscle Stem Cells

Published on: June 12, 2017

Can autophagy promote longevity?

Frank Madeo1, Nektarios Tavernarakis, Guido Kroemer

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.

Nature Cell Biology
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extending organismal lifespan involves genetic and dietary interventions targeting cellular processes. Autophagy, a cellular cleanup process, is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism underlying many longevity-promoting strategies.

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Published on: July 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Organismal lifespan is influenced by genetic factors and cellular processes.
  • Interventions like caloric restriction and pathway inhibition impact longevity.
  • Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, is linked to several longevity interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the connection between cellular processes, longevity interventions, and autophagy.
  • To propose autophagy as a common mechanism for lifespan extension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on genetic manipulation, longevity regimens, and autophagy.
  • Synthesis of recent developments linking these areas.

Main Results:

  • Genetic pathways (histone acetylation, insulin/IGF-1, p53) affect lifespan.
  • Longevity interventions (caloric restriction, TOR inhibition) are associated with autophagy.
  • Autophagy is required for the effects of some longevity interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Clearing cellular damage via autophagy may be a unifying mechanism for lifespan extension.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the role of autophagy in aging and longevity.