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[Adipokine update - new molecules, new functions].

Carmen Gelsinger1, Alexander Tschoner, Susanne Kaser

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin I, Department Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|September 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is increasing globally. This review explores how newly identified adipokines from visceral fat contribute to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, impacting overall health.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates highlight the critical role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ.
  • Adipokines, secreted by adipose tissue, significantly influence metabolic processes and are implicated in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
  • Visceral adipose tissue, compared to subcutaneous fat, exhibits distinct adipokine secretion patterns linked to adverse health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and characterize newly identified adipokines.
  • To elucidate the role of these novel adipokines in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
  • To discuss their involvement in atherosclerosis and other metabolic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on adipokines and metabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the differential secretion of adipokines from various fat depots.
  • Synthesis of findings on the link between visceral adipose tissue and metabolic dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Visceral adipose tissue secretes a unique profile of adipokines.
  • These adipokines are increasingly recognized for their contribution to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.
  • Novel adipokines are emerging as key players in the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue is a significant risk factor for metabolic diseases due to its specific adipokine secretions.
  • Understanding novel adipokines is crucial for developing targeted therapies for obesity-related complications.
  • Further research into adipokine function will advance the management of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.