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Related Concept Videos

Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

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Coactivators in PPAR-Regulated Gene Expression.

Navin Viswakarma1, Yuzhi Jia, Liang Bai

  • 1Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

PPAR Research
|September 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) sense fatty acids and regulate energy balance, development, and inflammation. Understanding their coactivators is key to unraveling metabolic disease complexities.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Gene Transcription

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) – alpha, beta (delta), and gamma – are nuclear receptors crucial for sensing fatty acids and derivatives.
  • PPARs govern key metabolic pathways for energy balance and influence diverse processes including development, differentiation, inflammation, and neoplasia.
  • PPARs function as heterodimers with retinoid X receptor-alpha, binding DNA with corepressors, and undergo conformational changes upon ligand activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of coactivators in PPAR function.
  • To enhance understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases related to energy metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PPARs, their ligands, and coactivator interactions.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of ligand-dependent PPAR activation and cofactor recruitment.
  • Examination of the proposed broader roles of specific coactivators like PBP/PPARBP, TRAP220, and MED1.

Main Results:

  • Ligand activation of PPARs triggers dissociation of corepressors and recruitment of transcription cofactors, including coactivators.
  • Coactivators are implicated in regulating a wide array of genes beyond those controlled by a single nuclear receptor.
  • Specific coactivators (PBP/PPARBP, TRAP220, MED1) may broadly influence multiple nuclear receptors and their target genes.

Conclusions:

  • Coactivators play a significant role in mediating PPAR function.
  • Further research into PPAR coactivators is essential for a comprehensive understanding of metabolic regulation.
  • Elucidating coactivator roles offers potential insights into treating metabolic diseases.