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Low sidelobe limited diffraction beams in the nonlinear regime.

Sverre Holm1, Fabrice Prieur

  • 1Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1080, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.

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Finite aperture Bessel beams with few sidelobes maintain low second harmonic sidelobe levels for practical distances. This finding is significant for nonlinear optics and imaging applications, even in absorbing media like breast tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Beam Propagation
  • Acoustic Imaging

Background:

  • Bessel beams exhibit limited diffraction and specific sidelobe characteristics in linear propagation.
  • In the nonlinear regime, second harmonic generation in Bessel beams typically shows a small region with reduced sidelobes, often considered impractical.
  • Previous theories suggested significant sidelobe reduction in absorbing media only at impractically high absorption levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the practical utility of low sidelobe second harmonic generation in finite aperture Bessel beams.
  • To determine the range over which reduced sidelobe levels are maintained in the nonlinear regime.
  • To evaluate the impact of realistic absorption levels, such as those in breast tissue, on Bessel beam sidelobe characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the propagation of finite aperture Bessel beams.
  • The study focused on the second harmonic generation in the nonlinear regime.
  • Simulations incorporated realistic absorption parameters, specifically for breast tissue.

Main Results:

  • Finite aperture Bessel beams with 1 to 3 sidelobes exhibit low second harmonic sidelobe levels for distances up to half the depth of field.
  • Even with moderate absorption (e.g., breast tissue), reduced sidelobe levels are achievable, contrary to previous theoretical limitations.
  • The observed sidelobe levels in absorbing media were comparable to those of a rectangular aperture, even when high in non-absorbing conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The practical range of low sidelobe second harmonic generation in Bessel beams is larger than previously assumed.
  • Nonlinear Bessel beams offer potential for improved imaging in biological tissues due to maintained low sidelobes in the presence of absorption.
  • The findings challenge prior assumptions about the limitations of Bessel beams in absorbing nonlinear optical applications.