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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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The respiratory system, fundamental to life, consists of complex structures responsible for gas exchange. The percussion assessment is critical to understanding this system's health and functionality. This non-invasive assessment technique allows healthcare providers to evaluate the density or aeration of the lungs, thereby identifying potential abnormalities.
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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Published on: June 2, 2014

Primary thunderclap headache.

F H H Linn1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Central Military Hospital and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. f.h.h.linn@umcutrecht.nl

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thunderclap headache requires prompt diagnosis to rule out serious brain conditions like subarachnoid hemorrhage. Primary thunderclap headache is a distinct disorder, but its cause remains unknown.

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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Published on: June 2, 2014

Low-intensity Blast Wave Model for Preclinical Assessment of Closed-head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Thunderclap headache is an uncommon but significant symptom.
  • It can indicate serious underlying neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate primary thunderclap headache from secondary causes.
  • To outline diagnostic pathways for thunderclap headache.

Main Methods:

  • Review of primary and secondary headache disorders.
  • Emphasis on excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage via CT scan and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
  • Consideration of neuroimaging like MRI for other vascular causes.

Main Results:

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most critical diagnosis to exclude.
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans and cerebrospinal fluid tests are key initial investigations.
  • Primary thunderclap headache is a distinct entity, often diagnosed after excluding secondary causes.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and diagnosis of thunderclap headache are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Primary thunderclap headache is a separate clinical entity with unknown pathogenesis.
  • The sympathetic nervous system may be implicated in primary thunderclap headache.