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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
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Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Cranial neuralgias.

G Cruccu1, L H Bonamico, J M Zakrzewska

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. cruccu@uniroma1.it

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) diagnosis and treatment are discussed, noting that symptomatic TN can stem from neurological conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended, with carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) as primary treatments, followed by surgery if needed.

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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a complex neurological condition affecting facial nerves.
  • Approximately 15% of typical TN cases are secondary to underlying neurological diseases like tumors or multiple sclerosis.
  • Traditional diagnostic criteria for distinguishing classic from symptomatic TN are becoming less reliable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for trigeminal neuralgia.
  • To highlight the importance of advanced imaging and current treatment guidelines.
  • To discuss management of related trigeminal system pain conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical-functional organization of the human trigeminal system.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and trigeminal reflex recording.
  • Analysis of medical treatments (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and surgical interventions (microvascular decompression, radiosurgery).

Main Results:

  • MRI or trigeminal reflex recording is recommended for all TN patients.
  • Carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) are first-line medical treatments.
  • Surgical options offer high efficacy with manageable complications, with microvascular decompression (MVD) being non-destructive.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of TN requires consideration of secondary causes and advanced imaging.
  • A stepwise approach involving medication and potentially surgery is crucial for effective TN management.
  • Management strategies for glossopharyngeal neuralgia and ophthalmic postherpetic neuralgia are also addressed.