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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Neuroimaging in headache.

Margarita Sánchez Del Rio¹, Juan Alvarez-Linera

¹Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain. msanchezdelrio@ruberinternacional.es

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|September 7, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Functional neuroimaging reveals abnormal brain activity and structure in migraine and related headache disorders. These changes, particularly in areas like V3A and the pons, suggest common underlying mechanisms, but their causal role requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

Neurobiology
Neuroimaging
Headache Disorders

Background:

Migraine neurobiology is complex, with recent advances aided by functional neuroimaging.
Imaging studies indicate both abnormal brain functioning and structural changes in migraineurs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review functional neuroimaging findings in migraine and related headache disorders.
To explore potential common pathogenic mechanisms underlying different headache types.

Main Methods:

Review of functional neuroimaging studies in migraine, cluster headache, SUNCT, and hemicrania continua.
Analysis of brain activation patterns and structural changes.

Main Results:

Migraine aura is associated with initial blood flow changes in V3A, which also shows morphometric abnormalities.
Pontine activation correlates with increased volumetric changes.
Similar findings, including hypothalamic changes, are seen in cluster headache and other paroxysmal headache disorders, suggesting shared mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Functional neuroimaging highlights shared neurobiological underpinnings for various headache disorders.
Further research is needed to ascertain if observed brain changes are causative or consequential.
The role of these changes in the progression to chronic headache disorders remains to be determined.