Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same authorSame journal

Improvement in Lead-Related Tricuspid Regurgitation Following Transvenous Lead Extraction: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Heart rhythm·2026

Same author

Pulmonary Vein Isolation Plus Adjunct Techniques Versus Pulmonary Vein Isolation Alone for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026

Same author

MOF-Derived Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>/MXene Ternary Heterojunction as a Highly Efficient Piezocatalyst for Ultrasound-Driven Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Contained pulmonary vein injury presenting as a hemorrhagic bulla post-pulsed field ablation: A case report.

HeartRhythm case reports·2026

Same author

Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Comparing different energy sources - independent or complementary use?

Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal·2026

Same author

Life-Threatening Delayed Myocardial Ischemia, Ventricular Arrhythmias, and SCD After PFA of AF: An Extended Case Series.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

Elusive atrial substrate: complex fractionated atrial electrograms and beyond.

Jagmeet P Singh¹, Leon M Ptaszek, Atul Verma

¹Department of Medicine and Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. jsingh@partners.org

|September 7, 2010

Summary

Physiology-driven ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) combines pulmonary vein isolation with individualized strategies targeting specific atrial electrical signals. This approach aims to improve outcomes beyond standard pulmonary vein isolation.

More Related Videos

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Published on: February 22, 2018

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Published on: June 29, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 29, 2011

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Published on: February 22, 2018

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Published on: June 29, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical Technology

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is evolving beyond standard pulmonary vein isolation.
Persistent AF presents unique challenges requiring advanced ablation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the rationale and controversies surrounding physiology-driven ablation for persistent AF.
To explore the complexities of targeting patient-specific atrial electrical signals in AF ablation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current reasoning and controversies in AF ablation.
Analysis of the integration of anatomic and individualized electrophysiologic approaches.

Main Results:

Physiology-driven ablation combines pulmonary vein isolation with substrate modification.
Individualized targeting of atrial electrical signals is a key component of this advanced strategy.

Conclusions:

Physiology-driven ablation represents a significant advancement for persistent AF treatment.
Further research is needed to fully unravel and optimize targeting of patient-specific atrial signals.