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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
10:52

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Rotational echo double resonance without proton decoupling under fast spinning condition.

Fang-Chieh Chou1, Tim W T Tsai, Jerry C C Chan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.

Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments can now be performed without proton decoupling. This method, validated with glyphosate, simplifies solid-state NMR by enabling fast spinning and strong radiofrequency fields.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
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Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
  • Materials characterization

Background:

  • Proton decoupling is typically required in rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments.
  • This requirement adds complexity to experimental setup and data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of performing REDOR experiments without proton decoupling.
  • To establish conditions for simplified solid-state NMR measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of a five-spin system.
  • Experimental validation using Phosphorus-31{(Carbon-13)} REDOR on isotopically labeled glyphosate.
  • Utilizing fast spinning (25 kHz) and strong radiofrequency (rf) fields (>100 kHz).

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed no significant attenuation of the reference signal (S(0)) under the specified conditions.
  • Experimental (31)P{(13)C} REDOR measurements confirmed the validity of the approach.
  • The calculated van Vleck's second moment closely matched the value derived from crystal structure data.

Conclusions:

  • REDOR experiments can be successfully conducted without proton decoupling.
  • Fast spinning and strong rf fields are key parameters for this simplified approach.
  • This advancement offers a more streamlined method for solid-state NMR analysis.