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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...

Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

Echocardiography without electrocardiogram.

Svein Arne Aase¹, Sten Roar Snare, Håvard Dalen

¹Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Medisinsk teknisk forskningssenter, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.

European Journal of Echocardiography : the Journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology

|September 7, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates automatic cardiac cycle separation using B-mode ultrasound images, eliminating the need for electrocardiogram (ECG) cables. This innovation is crucial for portable cardiac ultrasound devices.

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Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

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Published on: May 28, 2010

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Cardiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is vital for cardiac cycle separation in ultrasound.
ECG connection is impractical for small, hand-held ultrasound scanners.
Need for an alternative method for cardiac cycle separation in portable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To achieve automatic cardiac cycle separation using only apical B-mode ultrasound images.
To develop a system independent of ECG for cardiac ultrasound analysis.
To enable efficient cardiac cycle segmentation on portable ultrasound devices.

Main Methods:

Cardiac cycle length estimated via B-mode intensity cyclicity analysis.
A deformable model tracked the left ventricle in real-time.
A speckle tracker near the mitral annulus used displacement curves for cycle start estimation.
Validation performed against ECG on 233 normal and 46 coronary pathology recordings.

Main Results:

Cycle length estimation was feasible in 98% of normal and 91% of pathology cases.
Median difference in cycle length compared to ECG was 0 ms (normal) and -3 ms (pathology).
Cycle start estimation was feasible in 90% of normal and 77% of pathology cases.
Median difference in cycle start compared to ECG was 62 ms (normal) and 76 ms (pathology).

Conclusions:

Apical B-mode ultrasound images allow for automatic cardiac cycle separation.
This method eliminates the requirement for ECG synchronization.
The developed technique is suitable for portable cardiac ultrasound applications.