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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
09:29

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

Functional shifts in insect microRNA evolution.

Antonio Marco1, Jerome H L Hui, Matthew Ronshaugen

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The red flour beetle has more microRNAs (miRNAs) than Drosophila melanogaster, revealing high miRNA evolution rates in insects. Tribolium miRNAs are more ancestral and conserved in vertebrates, offering insights into body plan evolution.

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
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Published on: August 21, 2019

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in animal development.
  • Understanding miRNA evolution across metazoan species is key to deciphering body plan evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the miRNA repertoire of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.
  • To compare Tribolium miRNAs with those in Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrates to understand miRNA evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Deep sequencing of small RNA libraries from Tribolium castaneum.
  • Bioinformatic analysis for miRNA identification and comparison across species.

Main Results:

  • Identified 203 miRNAs in Tribolium castaneum, exceeding the number in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Found significant divergence, with only one-third of Tribolium miRNAs conserved in Drosophila, and 18 Tribolium miRNAs lost in Drosophila but conserved in vertebrates.
  • Observed substantial evolutionary changes in conserved miRNAs, including seed shifting and arm switching, altering predicted functions.

Conclusions:

  • Tribolium castaneum possesses a larger and more evolutionarily representative miRNA set than Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Tribolium miRNAs are more conserved in vertebrates, suggesting they better represent the ancestral insect miRNA repertoire.
  • MiRNA birth/death rates are high in insects, driving significant functional divergence.