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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins the common...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:41

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Published on: March 10, 2023

A bizarre abdominal cystic lesion.

Giorgia Zucchini1, Raffaele Pezzilli, Claudio Ricci

  • 1Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna. Bologna, Italy.

JOP : Journal of the Pancreas
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Surgical errors can lead to retained gauze, causing persistent abdominal discomfort and cystic lesions. Using radio-opaque markers during surgery aids in diagnosing retained foreign bodies in patients with prior operations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
04:41

Application of the En Bloc Concept Combined with Anatomic Resection in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy

Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Despite meticulous surgical protocols and instrument counts, retained surgical items like gauze can occur.
  • Foreign body retention poses a risk of complications, including persistent pain and the formation of cystic lesions.

Observation:

  • A case is presented where retained gauze after pancreatic tail surgery for a solid-cystic papillary tumor resulted in chronic abdominal discomfort.
  • Imaging revealed an intra-abdominal cystic lesion, prompting further investigation.

Findings:

  • The retained gauze acted as a nidus for a cystic lesion, leading to the patient's symptoms.
  • A history of prior surgery is a critical factor when considering intra-abdominal cystic masses in differential diagnoses.

Implications:

  • Surgeons should consider retained foreign bodies in the differential diagnosis of intra-abdominal cystic masses, especially in patients with a surgical history.
  • Routine use of radio-opaque markers in surgical gauze is recommended to facilitate diagnosis of retained items in operated patients.