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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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Immersion grating for infrared astronomy.

G Wiedemann, D E Jennings

    Applied Optics
    |September 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High refractive index immersion gratings significantly boost spectral resolution compared to surface reflection gratings. This advancement offers a n-fold increase in performance for spectral analysis applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Surface reflection gratings are standard tools in spectroscopy.
    • Their spectral resolution is limited by physical dimensions and material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of immersion gratings for enhanced spectral resolution.
    • To quantify the performance improvement offered by high refractive index materials.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis comparing immersion and surface reflection gratings.
    • Modeling spectral resolution based on grating parameters and refractive index.

    Main Results:

    • An immersion grating with a high refractive index (n) achieves an n-fold increase in spectral resolution.
    • This enhancement is relative to a surface reflection grating of identical length.

    Conclusions:

    • Immersion gratings offer a substantial improvement in spectral resolution.
    • High refractive index materials are key to unlocking this enhanced performance in spectroscopic instruments.