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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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The Scope of Physics

Physics is concerned with the interactions of energy, matter, space, and time, in order to discover the underlying mechanisms that underpin all phenomena. The word "physics" comes from the Greek word "phúsis", which means nature. Physics seeks to comprehend the natural world around us at its most fundamental level. It emphasizes the use of quantitative laws to do this, which could be valuable in other fields that want to push the performance boundaries of present technologies.
Physics knowledge...
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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

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Published on: February 12, 2013

Space optics: an introduction by the editors.

J B Breckinridge, H J Wood

    Applied Optics
    |September 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This collection features papers on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments and new space optics technology. It details HST error measurement and correction approaches, stemming from the 1991 Space Optics Topical Meeting.

    Area of Science:

    • Space optics
    • Optical technology
    • Space science instruments

    Background:

    • Collection of papers from the Second Space Optics Topical Meeting (1991).
    • Focus on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and related space optics technology.
    • Addresses advancements in space-based optical instruments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Provide an overview of HST-related optics.
    • Detail the measurement of optical errors in HST.
    • Explore methods for correcting HST optical errors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of papers presented at the Second Space Optics Topical Meeting.
    • Analysis of optical performance data for the Hubble Space Telescope.
    • Exploration of error correction techniques for space optics.

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    Main Results:

    • Compilation of research on HST instruments and optics.
    • Identification and measurement of specific errors affecting HST.
    • Development of strategies to mitigate and correct HST optical aberrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Highlights the importance of advanced optics in space exploration.
    • Underscores the ongoing efforts to refine HST's optical capabilities.
    • Demonstrates progress in addressing complex optical challenges for space missions.