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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Rapid Homogeneous Detection of Biological Assays Using Magnetic Modulation Biosensing System
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Published on: June 13, 2010

Velocity sensing by illumination with a laser-beam pattern.

S W Li, T Aruga

    Applied Optics
    |September 8, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Measuring object velocity is simplified using laser-beam patterns. Reflected light shows intensity variations, allowing velocity determination from the resulting frequency.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Physics
    • Measurement Science

    Background:

    • Periodic laser-beam patterns create unique lighting conditions.
    • Moving objects interact with these patterns, altering reflected light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between object motion and reflected light intensity.
    • To establish a method for determining object velocity using laser patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Exposing a moving object to a periodical laser-beam pattern.
    • Analyzing the intensity variations of the reflected light.
    • Calculating the frequency of these variations.

    Main Results:

    • Reflected light exhibits periodic intensity variations corresponding to the laser pattern.

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  • A direct correlation exists between the object's velocity and the measured frequency.
  • The frequency of intensity variation accurately indicates the object's speed.

    • Conclusions:

    • Object velocity can be reliably determined by analyzing light reflected from a periodical laser-beam pattern.
    • This method offers a non-contact approach for velocity measurement.
    • The frequency analysis provides a straightforward calculation for speed.