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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

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Hyperbranched alternating block copolymers using thiol-yne chemistry: materials with tuneable properties.

Dominik Konkolewicz1, Cheuk Ka Poon, Angus Gray-Weale

  • 1Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Building F11, NSW 2006, Australia.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|September 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hyperbranched polymers were synthesized using the thiol-yne reaction. Depending on pH, acrylic acid-styrene polymers self-assemble into large aggregates or small particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Hyperbranched polymers offer unique properties due to their complex architectures.
  • The thiol-yne click reaction is a highly efficient and versatile method for polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize alternating-block hyperbranched polymers using the thiol-yne reaction.
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior of these polymers under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of dimethyl acrylamide-styrene and tert-butyl acrylate-styrene polymers via thiol-yne reaction.
  • Hydrolysis of tert-butyl ester to acrylic acid.
  • pH-dependent self-assembly studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of alternating-block hyperbranched polymers.
  • Dimethyl acrylamide-styrene polymers formed large aggregates.
  • Acrylic acid-styrene polymers formed large aggregates at low pH and well-defined small particles at high pH.

Conclusions:

  • The thiol-yne reaction is effective for creating functional hyperbranched polymers.
  • The pH-responsive nature of acrylic acid-styrene polymers allows for controlled self-assembly into distinct structures.