Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A Comparison of Post-Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms by Suicidal Ideation Among Black Transgender Women.

Research in nursing & health·2026

Same author

The intersectional structural violence that Latinx health students are experiencing and its consequences.

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

Welcoming or Warning Signs? A Qualitative Study of Providers' Perspectives on Stigma Experiences and Practices in HIV Prevention Services for Young Hispanic/Latino Sexual Minority Men.

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care·2026

Same author

Ogunbajo et al. Respond.

American journal of public health·2026

Same author

Pleasure, shame and harm reduction: A qualitative investigation of poppers and sexualized drug use among men who have sex with men in China.

The International journal on drug policy·2026

Same author

Ending HIV requires research in and with South Africa.

The lancet. HIV·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Implementation science of pre-exposure prophylaxis: preparing for public use.

Kristen Underhill¹, Don Operario, Matthew J Mimiaga

¹Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. kristen_underhill@brown.edu

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

|September 8, 2010

Summary

Planning for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation for HIV prevention requires integrating biomedical and behavioral strategies. Lessons learned from PrEP planning can advance the scale-up of future combination HIV interventions.

More Related Videos

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

Area of Science:

Public Health
HIV Prevention Science
Implementation Science

Background:

Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy trials are ongoing, prompting anticipation of implementation challenges for HIV prevention.
There is a growing trend towards combination interventions for HIV prevention, integrating biomedical, behavioral, and structural components.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on PrEP implementation to identify challenges and opportunities.
To inform the optimal implementation of PrEP as a combination intervention for HIV prevention.
To advance the science of implementation and delivery for scaling up HIV prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive review of published and unpublished literature on PrEP implementation was conducted.
Themes were organized into five categories: scientific, regulatory/policy, stakeholder/infrastructure groundwork, delivery, and long-term monitoring.

Main Results:

Effective PrEP implementation necessitates integrating PrEP drugs with HIV testing, safety screening, adherence support, risk behavior interventions, and long-term monitoring.
Planning for PrEP implementation offers a valuable opportunity to refine combination intervention scale-up strategies.
Lessons from PrEP planning are transferable to future combination HIV prevention efforts.

Conclusions:

Optimal PrEP implementation exemplifies a combination model for HIV prevention.
The review highlights key areas for planning and groundwork necessary for successful PrEP rollout.
Findings can guide the scale-up of future integrated HIV prevention interventions.