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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Sjögren syndrome].

A Hansen1, T Dörner

  • 1Interdisziplinäres Sjögren-Zentrum, Park-Klinik Weißensee, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Charité, Berlin, Deutschland. hansen@park-klinik.com

Der Internist
|September 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease causing gland inflammation and dryness. Patients face risks of lymphoma and organ damage, with new B cell therapies emerging.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

Published on: October 13, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights
07:25

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Salivary Glands for Sjogren's Syndrome: Diagnostic and Monitoring Insights

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology.
  • Characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands (e.g., lacrimal, salivary).
  • Associated symptoms include sicca symptoms, fatigue, and parotid gland swelling.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • To highlight key clinical features, complications, and current treatment strategies.
  • To discuss emerging therapeutic approaches for SS management.

Summary:

  • SS involves focal lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands, leading to sicca symptoms.
  • Extraglandular manifestations affect over 20% of primary SS patients.
  • Malignant B cell lymphoma is a significant complication, occurring in approximately 5% of primary SS patients.

Impact:

  • Current treatments for sicca symptoms are symptomatic.
  • Extraglandular manifestations may require glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, or immunosuppressants.
  • B cell targeted therapies are under investigation for severe SS cases, offering potential new treatment avenues.