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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Hypoglycemia in the newborn.

Ashish Jain1, Rajiv Aggarwal, M Jeeva Sankar

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|September 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar in newborns, requires prompt screening and treatment. Early intervention is crucial for preventing long-term neurodevelopmental issues in infants.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

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Published on: October 31, 2025

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
13:13

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

Published on: August 24, 2011

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
10:30

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose below 40 mg/dL.
  • It is frequently linked to prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, and maternal diabetes.
  • Early identification and management are critical due to potential neurodevelopmental consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the definition, risk factors, and management strategies for neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • To emphasize the importance of screening and aggressive treatment to improve infant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical guidelines and literature on neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Discussion of screening protocols for high-risk neonates.
  • Outline of treatment approaches for asymptomatic and symptomatic hypoglycemia.

Main Results:

  • Asymptomatic hypoglycemia may be managed with supervised breastfeeding.
  • Symptomatic hypoglycemia necessitates continuous parenteral dextrose infusion.
  • Neonates requiring high dextrose infusion rates ( > 12 mg/kg/min) warrant further investigation for underlying causes.

Conclusions:

  • Aggressive screening and timely treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia are essential.
  • Effective management aims to prevent adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Understanding risk factors aids in targeted prevention and intervention strategies.