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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Tolerogenic plasmacytoid DC.

Benjamin M Matta¹, Antonino Castellaneta, Angus W Thomson

¹Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

European Journal of Immunology

|September 8, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are crucial for antiviral immunity but also promote immune tolerance. Understanding their regulatory functions is key to developing new therapies for immune-related diseases.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type-I IFNs, crucial for antiviral responses.
pDCs exhibit poor immunostimulatory capacity compared to conventional DCs, often promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) generation.
pDCs are activated via TLR7/TLR9 and TLR-independent pathways, with non-lymphoid tissue pDCs regulating mucosal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the properties defining tolerogenic pDCs.
To explore how pDC characteristics regulate immunity and promote tolerance.
To cover the role of pDCs in Treg development, peripheral tolerance, transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on pDC function and regulation.
Discussion of signaling pathways (TLR, DAMPs, PAMPs) influencing pDC activity.
Analysis of pDC's role in various physiological and pathological contexts.

Main Results:

pDCs possess unique tolerogenic properties.
pDCs are vital for intrathymic Treg development and peripheral tolerance maintenance.
pDCs play regulatory roles in transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer.

Conclusions:

pDC function is regulated by DAMP and PAMP signaling.
The tolerogenic capacity of pDCs offers potential as therapeutic targets for immune regulation.
Further research into pDCs can advance treatments for immune-related disorders.