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Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids
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Decoupling feature size and functionality in solution-processed, porous hematite electrodes for solar water

Jeremie Brillet1, Michael Grätzel, Kevin Sivula

  • 1Laboratoire de photonique et interfaces, Institut des sciences et ingénierie chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

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|September 9, 2010
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Summary

Researchers developed a method to control the properties of porous hematite photoanodes for solar water splitting. This technique enhances solar energy storage efficiency by independently tuning electrode features and dopant activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Nanostructured, porous electrodes require high-temperature annealing for optimal functionality.
  • Annealing can lead to undesirable morphological changes that negatively impact performance.
  • Decoupling morphological and functional effects during annealing is crucial for improving electrode efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a solution-based strategy for independent control over morphological and functional properties of nanostructured electrodes.
  • To enhance the performance of porous hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) photoanodes for solar water splitting.
  • To achieve higher photocurrents and improved quantum efficiency in hematite photoanodes.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a SiO(2) confinement scaffold for encapsulating nanostructured, porous electrodes.
  • Applied high-temperature treatment to encapsulated electrodes.
  • Utilized porous hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) photoanodes for solar energy storage via water splitting.

Main Results:

  • Successfully decoupled morphological and functional effects during annealing.
  • Achieved independent control over feature size and electrode functionality (dopant activation).
  • Significantly increased water oxidation photocurrent from 1.57 mA cm(-2) to 2.34 mA cm(-2) for solution-processed hematite photoanodes.
  • Demonstrated the highest reported photocurrent for a solution-processed hematite photoanode.

Conclusions:

  • The SiO(2) encapsulation strategy effectively prevents undesirable morphological changes during high-temperature annealing.
  • This method allows for optimization of hematite photoanodes, leading to enhanced solar water splitting efficiency.
  • The improved performance, particularly with longer wavelength photons, is attributed to smaller particle sizes enabled by the encapsulation.