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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors...
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Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Selective information seeking after a single encounter.

Stanka A Fitneva1, Kristen A Dunfield

  • 1Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. fitneva@queensu.ca

Developmental Psychology
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Children aged 7 and adults can seek information selectively after one encounter. Four-year-olds can do so when trait labels are provided, demonstrating early cognitive development in information seeking.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Epistemology
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Children's ability to evaluate information sources is crucial for learning.
  • Understanding when children begin to seek information selectively is key to developmental psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a single instance of testimony influences children's subsequent information-seeking behavior.
  • To determine the age at which children engage in selective information seeking.
  • To examine the role of trait labels in facilitating selective information seeking in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving children and adults.
  • Participants observed informants providing correct and incorrect answers.
  • Participants then chose whom to consult for a second question, with varying conditions for evaluating informants.

Main Results:

  • Adults and 7-year-olds consistently selected the previously correct informant.
  • Four-year-olds did not select the correct informant in the initial experiment.
  • Four-year-olds successfully engaged in selective information seeking when trait labels were provided or when explicitly asked to evaluate informants.

Conclusions:

  • A single testimony encounter is sufficient for 7-year-olds and adults to practice selective information seeking.
  • Trait labels enable 4-year-olds to overcome initial limitations in selective information seeking.
  • These findings highlight the developing nature of source monitoring and information evaluation in children.