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Applying an eMASS Customization Program as a Research Tool to Evaluate Consumer Benefits
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Published on: September 27, 2019

A new look at the big five factor structure through exploratory structural equation modeling.

Herbert W Marsh1, Oliver Lüdtke, Bengt Muthén

  • 1Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, England. herb.marsh@education.ox.ac.uk

Psychological Assessment
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) better analyzes personality traits from the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory than traditional methods. ESEM reveals gender differences and personality changes over time, supporting the maturity principle.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Personality Science
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • The NEO instruments are common for assessing the Big Five personality factors.
  • Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) at the item level often fail to support the intended structure due to restrictive assumptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) in analyzing the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory.
  • To address limitations of traditional CFA and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in personality research.

Main Methods:

  • Employed exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) on responses from 3,390 individuals to the 60-item NEO-Five-Factor Inventory.
  • Conducted gender invariance tests across a 13-model ESEM taxonomy.
  • Performed longitudinal analyses to assess measurement invariance over time.

Main Results:

  • ESEM provided a superior fit to the data compared to CFA, yielding more distinct personality factors.
  • Women scored higher across all Big Five factors.
  • Longitudinal analyses confirmed measurement invariance and supported the maturity principle, showing decreases in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness with age.

Conclusions:

  • ESEM offers a more robust approach for analyzing personality structures, overcoming limitations of traditional CFA and EFA.
  • The findings highlight significant gender differences and age-related personality changes (maturity principle).
  • ESEM enables the investigation of complex personality research questions previously unaddressed by conventional methods.