Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Antagonism of stress granules key for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

TRP120-dependent activation of noncanonical Wnt/NFAT signaling drives monocyte chemokine production in <i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> infection.

mSphere·2026

Same author

Flea infestation and molecular detection of Rickettsia and Bartonella spp. in domestic dog-associated fleas from the inter-Andean basin of Cundinamarca, Colombia.

Medical and veterinary entomology·2026

Same author

Investigation of neglected bacterial pathogens provides molecular and serological evidence of Bartonella spp. in patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Villeta, Colombia.

Parasites & vectors·2026

Same author

The Paucity of Typical Pathology: An Autopsy Series of Typhus Group Rickettsiosis-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

From nicotine to SARS-CoV-2 antivirals with potent in vivo efficacy and a broad anti-coronavirus spectrum.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Projected health and economic impact of PCV20 vaccination in UK children: a dynamic transmission model.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

Same journal

Evaluating the societal value of adult respiratory vaccination in Sweden: a benefit-cost analysis.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

Same journal

Evaluating the socioeconomic value of adult respiratory immunization in Spain: a benefit-cost analysis.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

Same journal

Whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccines - rethinking the evidence.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

Same journal

Modeling the potential public health and economic impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccination strategies using an adapted COVID-19 vaccine in the Dominican Republic.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

Same journal

Narrative shielding and prebunking: a synergistic strategy against vaccine hesitancy in pediatrics.

Expert review of vaccines·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Published on: February 14, 2020

Progress and obstacles in vaccine development for the ehrlichioses.

Jere W McBride¹, David H Walker

¹Department of Pathology, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biodefense, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, and the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA. jemcbrid@utmb.edu

Expert Review of Vaccines

|September 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Developing vaccines against Ehrlichia, tick-borne pathogens causing diseases in animals and humans, faces challenges. Overcoming obstacles in understanding pathogen variability and host immunity is crucial for effective vaccine creation.

More Related Videos

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Published on: February 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Nucleofection and In Vivo Propagation of Chicken Eimeria Parasites

Published on: February 14, 2020

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Published on: February 20, 2015

Area of Science:

Veterinary microbiology
Infectious diseases
Vaccinology

Background:

Ehrlichia are tick-borne obligate intracellular bacteria causing significant diseases in veterinary hosts (livestock, companion animals) and humans.
These pathogens are increasingly recognized as important zoonotic agents.
Effective vaccines are urgently needed for both veterinary and human health.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the obstacles hindering the development of vaccines against Ehrlichia.
To discuss progress made in overcoming these barriers for livestock, companion animals, and humans.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of existing research on Ehrlichia.
Analysis of challenges in vaccine development, including pathogen variability and host-pathogen interactions.
Evaluation of strategies to address identified obstacles.

Main Results:

Significant obstacles impede Ehrlichia vaccine development, including genetic/antigenic variability and host influence on pathogen immunogenicity.
Identifying protective vs. immunopathogenic antigens and developing relevant animal models are critical challenges.
Understanding molecular interactions for immune evasion is key to designing effective vaccines.

Conclusions:

Addressing challenges in understanding Ehrlichia's biology, host immunity, and molecular interactions is essential for successful vaccine development.
Progress in overcoming these barriers is vital for protecting animals and humans from these vector-transmitted pathogens.