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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...

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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
09:52

Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

Published on: January 31, 2019

Nucleosome dynamics and epigenetic stability.

Philipp Korber1, Peter B Becker

  • 1Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany. pkorber@med.uni-muenchen.de

Essays in Biochemistry
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleosome remodelling, driven by ATP, dynamically alters chromatin structure for gene regulation. Paradoxically, these remodellers are crucial for establishing and maintaining stable, heritable epigenetic structures essential for cellular function.

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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
05:58

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into chromatin, requiring dynamic regulation for gene expression.
  • Nucleosome remodelling enzymes utilize ATP to modify histone-DNA interactions and nucleosome positioning.
  • Chromatin structures store epigenetic information crucial for gene regulation and inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nucleosome remodelling in the assembly of stable chromatin structures.
  • To explore how dynamic remodelling processes contribute to the maintenance of epigenetic information.
  • To understand the involvement of remodellers in establishing functional and heritable chromatin states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nucleosome remodelling enzyme activity.
  • Biochemical assays to study histone-DNA interactions.
  • Investigating histone variants and non-histone protein roles in chromatin structure.
  • Studying nucleosome fibre folding and stability.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosome remodelling is essential for maintaining chromatin flexibility and adaptability.
  • Remodellers actively participate in assembling stable chromatin structures linked to specific functional states.
  • Remodellers contribute structural information at multiple levels, including nucleosome positioning and fibre folding.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome remodelling is paradoxically involved in establishing, not just disrupting, stable epigenetic structures.
  • Remodellers play a key role in the heritability of epigenetic information across cell generations.
  • Understanding remodeller functions is critical for comprehending gene regulation and epigenetic inheritance.