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Balantidium coli-induced pulmonary haemorrhage with iron deficiency

A Koopowitz, P Smith, N van Rensburg

    South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
    |September 9, 2010
    PubMed
    Abstract

    Insights

    Balantidium coli, a parasitic protozoan, can cause rare lung infections leading to severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for patient recovery.

    Area of Science:

    • Parasitology
    • Pulmonology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite typically causing intestinal disease (diarrhea, dysentery) in humans.
    • Extra-intestinal infections by Balantidium coli are uncommon.

    Observation:

    • A case of a 20-year-old immunocompetent male with severe pulmonary hemorrhage, iron deficiency anemia, and respiratory failure is presented.
    • Diagnosis was confirmed via bronchial biopsy and lavage, revealing Balantidium coli trophozoites.

    Findings:

    • Inhalation of contaminated material (e.g., pig manure) was postulated as the infection route, despite no history of intestinal disease.
    • The patient received oxytetracycline and metronidazole, intensive care, and showed rapid improvement within 48 hours.

    Implications:

    • Balantidium coli infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary hemorrhage.
    • This case highlights the potential for unusual extra-intestinal manifestations of Balantidium coli infection.

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