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Related Concept Videos

Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Amyloid Fibrils03:03

Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen.   In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining, normally used to...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Hypopharyngeal amyloidosis: A case report.

B Hammami1, M Mnejja, S Kallel

  • 1ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Habib Bourguiba Teaching Hospital, Sfax 3029, Tunisia. bouthainahk@yahoo.fr

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hypopharyngeal amyloidosis, a rare condition, requires management based on its cause. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for this exceptional pathology.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis
06:33

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Amyloidosis, characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins, can affect various organs, including the upper aerodigestive tract.
  • Hypopharyngeal amyloidosis is exceptionally rare, often presenting insidiously with symptoms like dysphagia.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old female with diabetes and chronic neck pain presented with dysphagia and malaise.
  • Clinical examination revealed tongue ulcerations and pyriform sinus salivary stasis; panendoscopy showed hypopharyngeal wall swelling.
  • Imaging (CT/MRI) confirmed hypopharyngeal wall thickening, and biopsy confirmed amyloid deposition.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination with Congo red staining confirmed amyloidosis.
  • Etiological workup identified multiple myeloma as the underlying cause.
  • Chemotherapy with melphalan and prednisone was initiated, leading to a favorable 12-month outcome.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the rarity of hypopharyngeal amyloidosis and the importance of histological diagnosis.
  • Management strategies must be tailored to the underlying etiology, with systemic treatment crucial for myeloma-associated cases.
  • While localized amyloidosis has a better prognosis, systemic forms linked to myeloma carry a poorer outlook.