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Related Concept Videos

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors
16:49

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors

Published on: July 16, 2012

The second extracellular loop dictates Occludin-mediated HCV entry.

Shufeng Liu1, Wayne Kuo, Wei Yang

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Virology
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) uses the tight junction protein Occludin (OCLN) for cell entry. OCLN's extracellular loop 2 is crucial for this process, interacting with Dynamin II to facilitate viral entry into hepatocytes.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors
16:49

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors

Published on: July 16, 2012

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
10:23

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
11:34

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into human hepatocytes is a critical step in infection.
  • Tight junction (TJ) protein Occludin (OCLN) has been implicated as essential for HCV entry.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of OCLN-mediated HCV entry is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of OCLN's extracellular loop 2 (EL2) in mediating HCV entry.
  • To elucidate the interaction between OCLN and HCV components.
  • To determine the involvement of Dynamin II in OCLN-dependent HCV entry.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of OCLN deletion mutants.
  • Co-precipitation assays to study OCLN and HCV glycoprotein E2 interaction.
  • Pull-down assays with recombinant OCLN EL2 and soluble E2 (sE2).
  • Assessment of Dynamin II complex formation with OCLN.
  • Evaluation of HCV pseudotypes (HCVpp) and cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) entry upon Dynamin knockdown or inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of OCLN's EL2 abolished its ability to mediate HCVpp entry and co-precipitate with HCV glycoprotein E2.
  • Recombinant OCLN EL2 did not robustly bind soluble E2.
  • OCLN formed a complex with Dynamin II in an EL2-dependent manner.
  • HCVpp and HCVcc entry were sensitive to Dynamin knockdown or inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • OCLN's EL2 is essential for mediating Dynamin-dependent HCV entry into hepatocytes.
  • OCLN acts as a bridge, connecting HCV virions to Dynamin-dependent endocytic machinery.
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism for HCV entry involving OCLN and Dynamin II.