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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

Antiphospholipid syndrome.

Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza1, Mark Crowther, Ware Branch

  • 1Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces-University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain. r.irastorza@euskalnet.net

Lancet (London, England)
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) involves thrombosis and pregnancy complications. Effective management includes anticoagulation, aspirin, and heparin, with ongoing research into new therapies like statins and rituximab.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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Published on: September 26, 2025

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
05:49

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity.
  • Clinical features include venous, arterial, and small-vessel thrombosis, pregnancy loss, and pre-eclampsia.
  • Pathogenesis involves antiphospholipid antibodies activating endothelial cells, platelets, and monocytes, potentially involving complement activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and management of antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • To highlight the role of lupus anticoagulant as a predictor of APS features.
  • To discuss current and potential future therapies for APS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antiphospholipid syndrome.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms involving antibodies and complement.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies for thrombosis and obstetric complications.

Main Results:

  • Lupus anticoagulant is the strongest predictor of APS features.
  • Long-term oral anticoagulation is the cornerstone for thrombosis therapy.
  • Aspirin and heparin are recommended for obstetric APS management.

Conclusions:

  • APS requires aggressive treatment for arterial events and thromboprophylaxis in specific patient groups.
  • Combined medical-obstetric management is crucial for pregnant patients.
  • Future therapies may include statins, rituximab, and novel anticoagulants.