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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Using evolutionary conserved modules in gene networks as a strategy to leverage high throughput gene expression

Jeanne M Serb1, Megan C Orr, M Heather West Greenlee

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America. serb@iastate.edu

Plos One
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Using fly gene networks to study mouse retinal development identified 46 novel candidate genes. Five of six candidates were validated, demonstrating an effective evolutionary comparative strategy for systems biology research.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Large-scale gene expression studies often lack effective strategies for data analysis.
  • Previous research suggests using seed networks to identify candidate genes in expression datasets.
  • Evolutionary conservation of gene relationships may enable cross-species network analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if a seed network from Drosophila melanogaster retinal cell determination can identify novel mouse retinal development genes.
  • To establish an effective strategy for systems biology research using comparative genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a seed network from fly retinal cell determination studies.
  • Queried mouse retinal expression datasets using the fly-derived seed network.
  • Validated candidate genes through spatial and temporal protein expression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified gene relationships regulating fly retinal cell differentiation in developing mouse retina.
  • The seed network effectively queried datasets and generated hypotheses.
  • Discovered 46 candidate genes, with 54% linked to brain development and 33% to retinal development.
  • Validated five out of six investigated candidate genes.

Conclusions:

  • An effective strategy for systems biology utilizes an evolutionary comparative framework between model organisms (fly and mouse).
  • This approach facilitates the use of prior biological knowledge to develop systems-based hypotheses.
  • Future work can determine the extent of network conservation between species.