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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...

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[Microsatellite instability. A new predictive marker (?)].

W Dietmaier1

  • 1Institut für Pathologie/Zentrum für molekularpathologische Diagnostik, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg. wolfgang.dietmaier@klinik.uni-regensburg.de

Der Pathologe
|September 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) indicates a better prognosis but may not benefit from 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Testing for MSI or mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) before adjuvant chemotherapy can personalize CRC treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a key feature of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
  • MSI occurs in 12-15% of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) due to MLH1 gene inactivation.
  • High-frequency MSI (MSI-H) is a positive prognostic marker for overall survival in CRC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of MSI-H/MMRD in colorectal cancer.
  • To determine the implications of MSI-H/MMRD status for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy.
  • To advocate for pre-treatment MSI testing to guide individualized CRC therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing meta-analyses and clinical trial data.
  • Review of studies investigating MSI-H/MMRD and response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy.
  • Assessment of prognostic factors in CRC patients with MSI-H/MMRD.

Main Results:

  • MSI-H is associated with improved overall survival in CRC patients.
  • MSI-H/MMRD status predicts ineffectiveness of adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
  • Exceptions for chemotherapy in MSI-H CRC include T4 tumors or high-grade malignancy.

Conclusions:

  • MSI or mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) testing should be performed before adjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic CRC.
  • MSI-H/MMRD status can guide decisions regarding 5-FU monotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Pre-treatment molecular testing enables more personalized treatment strategies for CRC patients.