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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
10:32

Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: June 17, 2013

Functioning and disability in Parkinson's disease.

Alberto Raggi1, Matilde Leonardi, Daniela Ajovalasit

  • 1Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit - Scientific Directorate, Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Via Celoria 11, Milan, 20133 Italy. araggi@istituto-besta.it

Disability and Rehabilitation
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed functioning and disability in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) model. Key limitations were identified in mobility and social participation, highlighting the need for comprehensive disability assessment in PD.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
10:32

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Published on: June 17, 2013

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide.
  • Understanding the multifaceted impact of PD on functioning and disability is crucial for effective patient care and management.
  • The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) provides a standardized framework for describing health and disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the functioning and disability profiles of Parkinson's Disease patients.
  • To apply the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) model to assess PD-related disability.
  • To identify key areas of limitation in daily life for individuals with Parkinson's Disease.

Main Methods:

  • Consecutive enrollment of adult Parkinson's Disease patients.
  • Administration of the ICF checklist and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHO-DAS II).
  • Utilized Hoehn and Yahr Staging (HY) to classify PD severity and performed descriptive analyses.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-six PD patients (mean age 64.1 years, 33.3% female) were included; 48.4% were in HY class 2.
  • The mean WHO-DAS II score was 18.1, with the most significant limitations reported in 'getting around' and 'participation in social situations'.
  • A total of 71 ICF categories were reported as problematic by over 20% of patients, predominantly from the Activities and Participation domains.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides comprehensive data on functioning and disability across various domains in Parkinson's Disease patients.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering a broad spectrum of limitations, including mobility and social engagement, in PD disability assessment.
  • Results inform the development of expanded disability assessment strategies for PD, integrating symptom, activity, and environmental factor considerations.