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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
06:44

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Published on: June 23, 2009

14. Coccygodynia.

Jacob Patijn1, Markus Janssen, Salim Hayek

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Pain Practice : the Official Journal of World Institute of Pain
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Coccygodynia, or tailbone pain, often results from trauma and is diagnosed through medical history and physical exam. Treatment ranges from NSAIDs for acute pain to injections and manual therapy for chronic cases.

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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Published on: June 23, 2009

Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Due to the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Due to the Sequelae of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Published on: May 3, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Coccygodynia is a debilitating pain condition localized to the coccyx.
  • Etiologies include trauma, referred visceral pain, and idiopathic causes requiring exclusion of infection and tumors.
  • Neurological causes like lumbar disc herniation should be considered if pain isn't provoked by sitting or manual examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of coccygodynia.
  • To differentiate between traumatic and non-traumatic causes.
  • To outline current and experimental treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic evaluation includes medical history, physical examination, and lateral coccyx imaging.
  • Treatment strategies are categorized by pain phase (acute vs. chronic) and severity.
  • Review of interventional procedures and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Traumatic coccygodynia is diagnosed via history of provocation by sitting/cycling and physical exam.
  • Acute coccygodynia management involves NSAIDs.
  • Chronic severe coccygodynia treatment includes manual therapy and corticosteroid injections; other interventions are investigational.

Conclusions:

  • Coccygectomy is generally not recommended due to suboptimal long-term results and complication risks.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management of tailbone pain.
  • A stepwise approach to treatment, from conservative to interventional, is advised.