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Measured and estimated ground reaction forces for multi-segment foot models.

Dustin A Bruening1, Kevin M Cooney, Frank L Buczek

  • 1Shriners Hospitals for Children, Erie, PA 16509, USA. dbruening@shrinenet.org

Journal of Biomechanics
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The proportionality assumption for estimating foot shear forces introduces errors up to 12% body weight, particularly in the forefoot. This method may oversimplify complex foot mechanics during gait analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gait Analysis
  • Foot Function

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of ground reaction forces is crucial for advanced foot models and understanding foot/ankle function.
  • Current methods face equipment limitations for measuring forces under discrete foot areas.
  • The proportionality assumption is a proposed method to estimate subarea shear forces using combined pressure mats and force platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of the proportionality assumption for estimating subarea shear forces during normal gait.
  • To assess the assumption's reliability on a three-segment foot model using dual force platforms.
  • To quantify the root mean square (RMS) and peak absolute errors associated with the proportionality assumption.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two adjacent force platforms to measure ground reaction forces.

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  • Tested seventeen right feet during normal gait using a targeted walking approach.
  • Isolated transverse tarsal and metatarsophalangeal joints to analyze specific joint mechanics.

    • Main Results:

    • Root mean square (RMS) errors in shear forces reached up to 6% body weight (BW) when using the proportionality assumption.
    • Peak absolute errors, up to 12% BW, were observed between the forefoot and toes during terminal stance.
    • The hallux's braking force, opposing forefoot propulsion, was not accounted for by the proportionality assumption.

    Conclusions:

    • The proportionality assumption may lead to significant errors in estimating foot shear forces, especially in the forefoot region.
    • While potentially suitable for some gait analysis models, the assumption can result in the loss of critical information about foot function.
    • This study highlights limitations of the proportionality assumption and presents novel measured ensemble average subarea shear forces during normal gait.