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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
10:55

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

Published on: October 31, 2025

Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.

Shinji Sato1, Masataka Kuwana

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a distinct condition with unique features. Research highlights its epidemiology, clinical signs, and specific autoantibodies, differentiating it from classic dermatomyositis.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) presents with dermatomyositis skin signs but minimal muscle involvement.
  • Understanding CADM's distinct characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on CADM epidemiology.
  • To update on clinical manifestations and autoantibody profiles in CADM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of clinical case reports and series.
  • Examination of autoantibody associations.

Main Results:

  • CADM incidence is approximately 2.08 per 1 million persons in the US, representing 20% of dermatomyositis cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
10:55

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

Published on: October 31, 2025

  • While generally similar to classic dermatomyositis regarding malignancy and ILD, Eastern Asian reports indicate a high incidence of fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CADM.
  • Anti-CADM-140 antibody, targeting melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), is linked to CADM and rapidly progressive ILD.

    • Conclusions:

    • CADM is a distinct clinical entity.
    • CADM exhibits unique clinical features and autoantibody profiles compared to classic dermatomyositis.
    • Identification of MDA5 as an autoantigen provides insights into CADM pathogenesis and ILD risk.