Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026
Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
Published on: August 27, 2013
Stanniocalcin 1 induction by thyroid hormone depends on thyroid hormone receptor β and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
L C Moeller1, N E Haselhorst, A M Dumitrescu
1Department of Endocrinology and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. lars.moeller@uni-due.de
Context:
Thyroid hormone (TH) mediated changes in gene expression were thought to be primarily initiated by the nuclear TH receptor (TR) binding to a thyroid hormone response element in the promoter of target genes. A recently described extranuclear mechanism of TH action consists of the association of TH-liganded TRβ with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in the cytosol and subsequent activation of the PI3K pathway.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TH, TRβ and PI3K on stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) expression in human cells.
Design:
We treated human skin fibroblasts with triiodothyronine (T3) in the absence or presence of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, a dominant negative PI3K subunit, Δp85α, and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). The role of the TRβ was studied in cells from patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). STC-1 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR.
Results:
We found an induction of STC1 by T3 in normal cells, but less in cells from subjects with RTH (2.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). The effect of T3 was completely abrogated by blocking PI3K with LY294002 (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 0.85 ± 0.5; P < 0.05) and greatly reduced after transfection of a dominant negative PI3K subunit, demonstrating dependency on the PI3K pathway.
Conclusion:
These results establish STC1 as a TH target gene in humans. Furthermore, we show that STC1 induction by TH depends on both TRβ and PI3K activation.
Related Concept Videos
00:51Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
01:16Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway