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Updated: Jun 9, 2026
07:43
Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Published on: September 29, 2018
The scapular free flap: when versatility is needed in head and neck reconstruction
Roger V Moukarbel1, Julian B White, Kevin Fung
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON.
Summary
Scapular free flaps, including fasciocutaneous and osteocutaneous types, are reliable for head and neck reconstruction. They offer acceptable complication rates, even in high-risk patients, for various defects.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
- Head and Neck Surgery
Background:
- Scapular free flaps are versatile reconstructive tools.
- Both fasciocutaneous and osteocutaneous variants have distinct applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the experience with scapular free tissue transfer.
- To describe the applications of fasciocutaneous and osteocutaneous scapular flaps.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of patients undergoing scapular free flap reconstruction (1997-2007).
- Inclusion of both osteocutaneous and fasciocutaneous flaps.
- Analysis of demographic data, defect types, and complications.
Main Results:
- Sixty scapular free flaps performed (31 osteocutaneous, 29 fasciocutaneous).
- Fasciocutaneous flaps used for skull base/facial defects; osteocutaneous for mandibular reconstruction.
- Total flap failure rate was 5%; acceptable complication rates observed.
Conclusions:
- Scapular free flaps are reliable reconstructive options.
- Fasciocutaneous flaps suit complex skull base/facial defects; osteocutaneous flaps for bony reconstruction.
- Flap complication rates are acceptable, even in medically high-risk patients.
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