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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Zero on the NIHSS does not equal the absence of stroke.

Sheryl Martin-Schild¹, Karen C Albright, Jessica Tanksley

¹Stroke Program at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Annals of Emergency Medicine

|September 11, 2010

Summary

Many ischemic strokes present with symptoms like headache or vertigo but have a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 0. This indicates that the NIHSS may not capture all stroke deficits.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Dual-Task Stroop Paradigm for Detecting Cognitive Deficits in High-Functioning Stroke Patients

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimaging
Stroke Medicine

Background:

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a critical tool for assessing stroke severity.
However, the NIHSS may not encompass all neurological deficits resulting from a stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the symptoms and stroke localization in patients with acute brain infarction who present with a NIHSS score of 0.
To highlight potential limitations of the NIHSS in capturing the full spectrum of stroke-related symptoms.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of patients presenting with acute neurological symptoms between 2004 and 2008.
Inclusion criteria: persistent symptoms, NIHSS score of 0, and infarct confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging.
Characterization of symptoms, neurological signs, lesion location, demographics, and stroke etiology.

Main Results:

Twenty patients met the study criteria.
Commonly reported symptoms included headache, vertigo, and nausea.
Infarcts were frequently located in the posterior circulation.
Truncal ataxia was the most prevalent neurological sign observed.

Conclusions:

Ischemic stroke can manifest with symptoms not reflected by a NIHSS score of 0.
The findings suggest that certain stroke presentations may be underestimated by the NIHSS.