[Current events in fetal magnetic resonance]

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Prenatal Diagnosis
• Fetal Medicine

Context:

• Fetal imaging is critical in France due to laws permitting termination of pregnancy (TOP) up to term.
• Fetal MRI is utilized post-ultrasonography (US) and requires specialized prenatal centers.
• Parental anxiety is a significant factor to consider before and during fetal MRI examinations.

Purpose:

• To outline the indications and utility of fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in prenatal diagnosis.
• To detail the timing and diagnostic value of fetal MRI for specific fetal pathologies, particularly cerebral and extracerebral conditions.
• To highlight MRI's role in assessing fetal brain maturation, structural abnormalities, and extracerebral masses.

Summary:

• Cerebral indications are common, with MRI tracking brain maturation (gyration, myelination) and identifying abnormalities like ventriculomegaly, heterotopia, and white matter issues.
• Optimal timing for fetal brain MRI varies by suspected pathology; gyration analysis requires 28 weeks gestation, while posterior fossa morphology is visible from 20 weeks.
• Extracerebral applications are expanding, with fetal MRI proving useful for evaluating cervicothoracic masses, bowel obstructions, and significant pyelocaliceal dilatation.

Impact:

• Fetal MRI provides crucial diagnostic information, influencing prenatal management and prognosis, especially in complex cases.
• Enhances the diagnostic capabilities beyond ultrasonography for a wide range of fetal anomalies.
• Supports informed decision-making for families and healthcare providers regarding pregnancy management and potential interventions.