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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Multipurpose analyzers for photoelectron statistics: implementation and use.

L Basano, P Ottonello, E Schiavi

    Applied Optics
    |September 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a multifunction analyzer for laser light scattering statistics. The device records interpulse intervals for calculating various statistical functions, offering a versatile tool for optical experiments.

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    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
    08:53

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

    Published on: October 9, 2012

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

    Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
    06:53

    Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

    Published on: July 27, 2018

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
    09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
    08:53

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

    Published on: October 9, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • * Optics and Photonics
    • * Statistical Physics

    Background:

    • * Laser light scattering analysis relies on photocount data.
    • * While second-order correlation is common, other functions offer better insights in specific conditions.
    • * Existing methods may not cover the full range of statistical functions needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To present a versatile multifunction analyzer for laser light scattering.
    • * To enable the calculation of various statistical functions beyond second-order correlation.
    • * To provide a practical tool for researchers in optics and photonics.

    Main Methods:

    • * A multifunction analyzer based on acquiring long sequences of interpulse intervals.
    • * Utilizes a personal-computer front-end interface for data acquisition.
    • * Employs off-line calculation of statistical functions using available algorithms.

    Main Results:

    • * The analyzer can record up to 5 × 10^5 photopulse intervals at ~2 × 10^5 data points/s.
    • * Algorithms for calculating triggered/nontriggered distributions, moments, and higher-order correlations are available.
    • * Provides a table of typical processing times for different functions.

    Conclusions:

    • * The developed multifunction analyzer offers a comprehensive approach to laser light scattering analysis.
    • * It supports a wide range of statistical functions crucial for diverse experimental conditions.
    • * The system provides an efficient and flexible platform for optical data analysis.