Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026
05:01
A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information
Published on: July 1, 2020
Pathways to legal immigration
Douglas S Massey1, Nolan Malone
1University of Pennsylvania.
Population Research and Policy Review
|September 28, 2011
Summary
Most immigrants have prior U.S. experience before legal residency, with diverse backgrounds. This pre-residency experience significantly impacts adaptation studies, requiring a revised approach to understanding immigrant assimilation.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Immigration Studies
- Economics
Background:
- Legal immigrants often possess prior U.S. experience before obtaining permanent residency.
- Understanding this pre-residency experience is crucial for accurate analysis of immigrant adaptation.
- Previous studies may overlook the heterogeneity of immigrant arrival pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the prevalence and types of pre-residency experience among legal immigrants.
- To examine how different pathways to immigration correlate with immigrant characteristics.
- To highlight the potential biases in adaptation research due to unacknowledged prior U.S. experience.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the New Immigrant Survey Pilot Study (NISP) data.
- Surveyed a representative sample of 1,135 legal immigrants who acquired residency in July-August 1996.
- Employed earnings regressions to analyze the impact of prior experience on adaptation metrics.
Main Results:
- Approximately two-thirds of surveyed immigrants had prior U.S. experience through various channels (e.g., illegal border crossing, visa overstay, student, refugee).
- Each pathway was linked to distinct demographic, social, and economic profiles.
- Ignoring these varied experiences can lead to misleading conclusions in immigrant assimilation research.
Conclusions:
- The nature of an immigrant's arrival in the U.S. profoundly shapes their profile and subsequent adaptation.
- Current methodologies for studying immigrant assimilation may be flawed by not accounting for pre-residency experiences.
- Researchers should adopt a more nuanced approach to characterizing immigrants' initial entry into the United States.
Related Concept Videos
00:53Migration
Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
01:26Sources of Law
Laws form the essential rules set by governing authorities to shape and control societal behavior. In nursing, laws guide actions, safeguard patient rights, define nurses' scope of practice, and maintain professional standards. Understanding the legal framework governing nursing involves recognizing four primary sources of law: constitutional, statutory, administrative (regulatory), and common law.
Constitutional law is foundational, deriving from federal and state constitutions, and...
Constitutional law is foundational, deriving from federal and state constitutions, and...
01:28Major Somatic Sensory Pathways
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
01:31Antigen Processing Pathways
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
01:29Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways
Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
01:06Legal Guidelines for Documentation
The legal guidelines for nursing documentation are essential for ensuring accurate, professional, and ethical recording of patient care. The guidelines are discussed here: