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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
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Reducing nitrogen loss during poultry litter composting using biochar.

Christoph Steiner1, K C Das, Nathan Melear

  • 1The Univ. of Georgia, Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Driftmier Engineering Center, Athens, GA 30602, USA. christoph.steiner@biochar.org

Journal of Environmental Quality
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding biochar (BC) to poultry litter (PL) compost significantly reduces nitrogen loss and ammonia emissions. This study shows biochar can improve the composting of nutrient-rich materials like poultry litter.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Poultry litter (PL) is a nutrient-rich fertilizer but composting can lead to significant nitrogen (N) loss via ammonia (NH3) volatilization.
  • Biochar (BC) can potentially mitigate these losses by adsorbing NH3 and ammonium (NH4+).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of biochar addition on nitrogen losses and composting process parameters of poultry litter.
  • To evaluate biochar as a potential bulking agent for composting nutrient-rich materials.

Main Methods:

  • Three poultry litter compost mixtures were prepared: no biochar (BCO), 5% biochar (BC5), and 20% biochar (BC20).
  • Composting was conducted in bioreactors for 42 days, with measurements of moisture, temperature, pH, mass loss, and gas emissions (NH3, CO2, H2S).
  • Nutrient and carbon content analysis was performed periodically.

Main Results:

  • Biochar addition did not affect poultry litter mass loss.
  • Higher biochar content (BC20) resulted in significantly higher peak CO2 and temperatures, indicating faster decomposition.
  • Ammonia emissions were reduced by up to 64%, and total nitrogen losses were reduced by up to 52% with biochar addition.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar amendment effectively reduces nitrogen losses and ammonia emissions during poultry litter composting.
  • Biochar shows promise as an ideal bulking agent for composting nitrogen-rich organic materials, enhancing composting efficiency and nutrient retention.