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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Use of Crystal Violet to Improve Visual Cytopathic Effect-based Reading for Viral Titration using TCID50 Assays

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Published on: February 12, 2022

Solvent-controlled electron transfer in crystal violet lactone.

Xiang Li¹, Mark Maroncelli

¹The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A

|September 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Crystal violet lactone undergoes an excited-state charge transfer reaction in aprotic solvents. Reaction rates depend on solvent polarity and friction, suggesting a solvent-controlled electron transfer process.

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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Photochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Crystal violet lactone (CVL) is a molecule known for its photochromic properties.
Understanding excited-state reactions is crucial for designing photoresponsive materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the excited-state charge transfer (CT) reaction dynamics of CVL in various aprotic solvents.
To determine the influence of solvent properties on the reaction mechanism and kinetics.

Main Methods:

Steady-state and picosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy were employed.
Solvatochromic analysis using a dielectric continuum model was performed.

Main Results:

Dipole moments for the locally excited (LE) state were estimated at 9-12 D, and for the CT state at ~24 D.
Free energies for the LE → CT reaction varied from +12 kJ/mol (nonpolar) to -10 kJ/mol (polar) at 25 °C.
Reaction rate constants (10-100 ns⁻¹) correlated with solvent polarity and friction.

Conclusions:

The excited-state reaction of CVL is influenced by solvent polarity and friction.
In polar solvents, the reaction behaves as a solvent-controlled electron transfer on an adiabatic potential surface with a modest barrier.