Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability01:27

Bioavailability Study Design: Absolute Versus Relative Bioavailability

Bioavailability is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available for therapeutic action. Regulatory agencies mandate the assessment of bioavailability, typically measured as the area under the drug plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC), to ensure the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical products. These evaluations are categorized as absolute and relative bioavailability studies.Absolute...
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Th17-mediated antitumor immunity in patient-derived organoid and autologous immune cell cocultures predicts response to immunotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Immuno-oncology technology·2026
Same author

Outcomes in stage IIA versus stage IIB/III in the PALLAS trial [ABCSG-42/AFT-05/PrE0109/BIG-14-13]).

Breast cancer research : BCR·2025
Same author

[The neuro-urological expert opinion in statutory accident insurance : Consensual recommendations for diagnostics and for the assessment of reduction of earning capacity].

Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2023
Same author

Prediction of successful hearing aid treatment in first-time and experienced hearing aid users: Using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids.

International journal of audiology·2021
Same author

Stability of hepatitis E virus at high hydrostatic pressure processing.

International journal of food microbiology·2020
Same author

Stability of hepatitis E virus at different pH values.

International journal of food microbiology·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Kava hepatotoxicity: comparative study of two structured quantitative methods for causality assessment.

R Teschke1, J Fuchs, R Bahre

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Hanau, Germany. rolf.teschke@gmx.de

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative causality assessment scales for kava-induced liver injury found lower causality grades than regulatory judgments. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale is preferred for evaluating kava hepatotoxicity reports.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Hepatology
  • Herbal Medicine Safety

Background:

  • Kava ingestion is linked to potential liver damage (hepatotoxicity).
  • Regulatory bodies have suspected a causal link between kava use and liver disease in patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare two quantitative causality assessment methods for kava-associated hepatotoxicity.
  • To evaluate the reliability of structured assessment scales versus ad hoc regulatory judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed causality in 26 patients using the Maria and Victorino (MV) scale and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale.
  • Compared results from quantitative scales with prior regulatory ad hoc evaluations.

Main Results:

  • The MV scale indicated no or low causality for kava in most cases.
  • The CIOMS scale showed higher causality grades, with one "highly probable" and two "probable" cases.
  • Both quantitative methods yielded lower causality grades than initial regulatory assessments for most patients.

Conclusions:

  • Structured quantitative scales, particularly the CIOMS scale, provide a more nuanced assessment of kava hepatotoxicity.
  • Results suggest that regulatory ad hoc judgments may overestimate causality in kava-induced liver injury.
  • The CIOMS scale is recommended for causality assessment of spontaneous reports of kava hepatotoxicity.