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Dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals
1Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. luisamaia@uol.com.br
Insights
Higher dietary calcium and dairy intake may protect individuals with HIV/AIDS from abdominal obesity and hypertension. This study highlights the importance of calcium for metabolic health in this population.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- HIV/AIDS Research
Background:
- Epidemiological studies suggest calcium influences lipid metabolism.
- The impact of calcium on metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS is not well-understood.
- This study investigates the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy intake, and metabolic health in HIV/AIDS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between dietary calcium and dairy food intake with metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
- To determine if calcium intake influences lipid metabolism and metabolic syndrome in this specific population.
- To provide insights into dietary strategies for managing metabolic complications in HIV/AIDS.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 100 individuals with HIV/AIDS.
- Dietary assessment using 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaires for calcium and food group intake.
- Metabolic syndrome defined by NCEP ATP III criteria; physical activity assessed via IPAQ.
Main Results:
- Mean calcium intake was 559.5 mg/day; dairy intake averaged 1.73 servings/day.
- Lower calcium intake (<700 mg/day) was linked to increased waist circumference, BMI, and blood pressure.
- Higher dairy consumption (>2 servings/day) correlated with lower BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure.
- Significant associations found between calcium intake, metabolic syndrome (OR=2.0), and hypertension (OR=2.25).
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns rich in calcium and fruits/vegetables may offer protection against abdominal obesity and hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.
- Adequate calcium and dairy intake could be a modifiable factor in managing metabolic health in the HIV/AIDS population.
- Further research into specific dietary interventions is warranted to confirm these protective effects.
Background:
Epidemiological data suggest that calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether this influence also occurs in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 individuals with HIV/AIDS. Calcium intakes and food group consumption were determined by a food 24-h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The level of physical activity was determined with the international physical activity questionnaire and metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001). Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square were used to compare the groups.
Results:
The mean (SD) calcium intake was 559.5 (298.84) mg day(-1) and dairy food consumption was 1.73 (0.78) servings per day. Dietary calcium intake below 700 mg day(-1) had greater waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) but not significant and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.07). Dairy food consumers (>2 servings per day) showed lower BMI (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P = 0.05), SBP and DBP (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between calcium intake, MS and hypertension. The odds ratio for MS was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-3.32] and for hypertension was 2.25 (95% CI = 1.44-4.44). Only 21% of the individuals were categorised in the moderate/intense physical activity level.
Conclusions:
The results obtained suggest that a dietary pattern with higher proportion of calcium and fruits/vegetables may protect against abdominal obesity and hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.
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