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Related Concept Videos

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
02:09

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

Characterisation of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort.

Alvar Agusti1, Peter M A Calverley, Bartolome Celli

  • 1Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. alvar.agusti@clinic.ub.es

Respiratory Research
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly variable. Airflow limitation severity does not fully represent the diverse clinical manifestations in COPD patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
02:09

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Research

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents complex pulmonary and extra-pulmonary symptoms.
  • The ECLIPSE cohort provides a well-characterized dataset for studying COPD heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the heterogeneity of COPD within a large, well-controlled patient cohort.
  • To investigate the relationship between airflow limitation and various clinical manifestations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2164 clinically stable COPD patients, 337 smokers with normal lung function, and 245 never-smokers.
  • Assessment of clinical parameters, nutritional status, spirometry, exercise tolerance, and emphysema quantification via CT scans.

Main Results:

  • COPD patients exhibited higher prevalence of comorbidities, irrespective of GOLD stage.
  • Airflow limitation severity poorly correlated with breathlessness, health status, comorbidities, exercise capacity, and exacerbations.
  • Significant variability in clinical presentation was observed within each GOLD stage, even in severe cases.

Conclusions:

  • COPD exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity.
  • Airflow limitation alone is insufficient to capture the full spectrum of COPD manifestations.