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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Lateral Molar Approach-Driven Transoral Endoscopic Procedure for Benign Infratemporal Fossa Tumor Resection
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Infiltration anesthesia in the mandible.

John G Meechan1

  • 1School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, UK. j.g.meechan@newcastle.ac.uk

Dental Clinics of North America
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mandibular infiltration anesthesia is effective for adult dental procedures, offering advantages over regional blocks. This technique can be used as a primary or supplemental method for pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Anesthesiology
  • Oral Surgery

Background:

  • Regional nerve blocks are common for mandibular anesthesia.
  • Infiltration anesthesia is preferred in the maxilla due to its advantages.
  • Evidence for mandibular infiltration efficacy is less established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of infiltration anesthesia in the adult mandible.
  • To compare infiltration anesthesia with regional block techniques for mandibular procedures.
  • To assess its use as a primary or supplemental anesthetic method.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mandibular anesthesia.
  • Analysis of clinical evidence for infiltration techniques.
  • Comparison of success rates and patient-reported outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Infiltration anesthesia demonstrates significant efficacy in the mandible.
  • It provides adequate anesthesia for various dental procedures.
  • It can be successfully employed as both a primary and supplemental technique.

Conclusions:

  • Mandibular infiltration anesthesia is a viable and effective alternative to regional blocks.
  • It offers advantages in terms of technique and patient comfort.
  • Further research should explore its application in specific clinical scenarios.