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Published on: May 4, 2018
Periodontal regeneration using engineered bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells
Yi Yang1, Fabio M V Rossi, Edward E Putnins
1Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.
Biomaterials
|September 14, 2010
Summary
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) promote periodontal regeneration. Transplanted BM-MSCs significantly enhanced new bone growth and periodontal ligament fiber organization, indicating functional restoration.
Area of Science:
- Periodontal regeneration
- Tissue engineering
- Stem cell therapy
Background:
- Regenerating the lost periodontium, including hard (bone, cementum) and soft (ligament) tissues, remains a significant clinical challenge.
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are a promising candidate for connective tissue regeneration due to their multipotent differentiation capabilities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential of ex vivo expanded BM-MSCs to regenerate periodontal tissues.
- To determine if BM-MSCs can sense microenvironmental cues and contribute to the organized regeneration of both hard and soft periodontal tissues.
Main Methods:
- Surgically created periodontal defects in rats were treated with GFP(+) rat BM-MSCs expanded on microcarrier gelatin beads.
- Regeneration was assessed after three weeks, evaluating bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament formation.
- Donor-derived cell integration was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy.
Main Results:
- Significant regeneration of bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament was observed in both transplanted and control groups.
- Animals receiving BM-MSCs showed significantly greater new bone formation compared to controls.
- Transplanted BM-MSCs led to improved organization of periodontal ligament fibers, suggesting functional restoration.
- Donor-derived BM-MSCs were found integrated within the newly formed bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament.
Conclusions:
- Transplanted BM-MSCs effectively contribute to periodontal regeneration.
- BM-MSCs promote enhanced new bone formation and organized periodontal ligament development.
- These findings support the use of BM-MSCs in strategies for periodontal tissue reconstruction.
