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Related Concept Videos

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

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Sexual dimorphism in the fly brain.

Sebastian Cachero1, Aaron D Ostrovsky, Jai Y Yu

  • 1Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Male and female fruit flies exhibit significant brain wiring and anatomical differences, particularly in higher brain centers and olfactory neurons, influencing sex-specific behaviors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Sex-specific behaviors are linked to brain structure and function.
  • The male-specific fruitless (fru+) gene in Drosophila is crucial for male courtship.
  • Previous studies suggested limited anatomical differences in fru+ neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To globally map structural differences in the Drosophila brain between sexes.
  • To identify sex-specific wiring patterns in fruitless (fru+) neurons.
  • To understand the neural basis of sex-specific behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Global brain imaging to detect volumetric differences.
  • Saturating clonal analysis of fru+ neurons using mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM).
  • Image coregistration of male and female brains.
  • Multicolor labeling of partner neurons to visualize connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Identified substantial volumetric differences in higher brain centers between male and female Drosophila.
  • Discovered 19 new dimorphisms in male fru+ neurons, concentrated in male-enlarged brain regions.
  • Found sex-specific arbors in seven dimorphic lineages and dimorphisms in the nerve cord.
  • Predicted over 700 potential sites of dimorphic neural connectivity, enriched in the lateral horn.
  • Provided evidence for dimorphic connections in third-order olfactory neurons of the lateral horn.

Conclusions:

  • Male and female fruit fly brains display significant anatomical and wiring disparities.
  • Reciprocal connection differences in the lateral horn may explain opposing responses to sex pheromones.