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Assessing the natural variability in crop composition.

George G Harrigan¹, Kevin C Glenn, William P Ridley

¹Monsanto Company, Product Safety Center, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167, USA.

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP

|September 14, 2010

Summary

Modern biotechnology has introduced new crops, increasing nutrient composition evaluations. Studies show geography, season, and genetics significantly impact crop composition, highlighting natural variability in fatty acids, isoflavones, and amino acids.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Biotechnology
Food Science

Background:

Increased use of modern biotechnology in crop development necessitates comprehensive nutrient composition analysis.
Comparative safety assessments require detailed understanding of crop composition, including genetically modified and conventional varieties.
International guidelines (e.g., OECD) promote standardized methodologies for evaluating crop composition.

Purpose of the Study:

To document the effects of geography, growing season, and genetic background on the nutrient composition of soybean and maize.
To identify key components that exhibit significant natural variability within crop species.
To contribute data to resources like the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) crop composition database.

Main Methods:

Field trials conducted across multiple geographies (US, Argentina, Brazil) over several growing seasons.
Analysis of diverse commercial varieties/hybrids to capture genetic and environmental influences.
Statistical evaluation of nutrient composition data, focusing on specific components like fatty acids, isoflavones, amino acids, and sugars.

Main Results:

Soybean composition, particularly fatty acids and isoflavones, demonstrated significant variability influenced by geography, season, and genetic background.
Maize hybrid analysis revealed greater variability in free amino acids, sugars/polyols, and stress-response molecules compared to more abundant components.
Natural variability in crop composition is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

Understanding natural variability in crop nutrient composition is crucial for safety assessments and product development.
Geography, growing season, and genetic background are key determinants of nutrient variability in major food and feed crops.
Databases compiling crop composition data are essential for research and regulatory purposes.